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Myths and finds on the Aegean islands

DILOS was considered to be a sacred island from ancient times. From this island, the most important heroes of the generation of the Atlanteans who later were deified, passed and left their traces. The sun-lovers "peoples of the sea" who came from the west, the "copper tribes", the Pelasgians, Leleges, etc. passed by.

The Ancient Greek historian, geographer, "father of history", Herodotus notes that the first inhabitants of the Cyclades were the "Pelasgians," who later changed their name to Ionians.
The very later ancient historian Thucydides, however, admits a different version, that in the farthest period of antiquity the inhabitants of the Cyclades and especially of Delos, from which he claims to collect his evidence, were Carians. This view of Thucydides, which has prevailed for centuries, is being disputed today with strong arguments from many archaeologists, Greeks and foreigners, due to the many findings from the latest excavations.

Among the first foreigners who came to Delos were Asteria, the daughter of the Titans Coeus and Phoebe. That is why Delos in ancient times was called Asteria. (The same name was taken at times by Crete and Rhodes). It is not excluded that the Titan Coeus was the leader of the Atlanteans who conquered the islands and gave them the name of his daughter, Asteria. Later, Leto came to Delos, the sister of Asteria, by her father, Titan Coeus, of the Atlantic generation. Poseidon brought her to give birth to the children of his brother, Zeus, secretly from Hera. That's why it stabilized the island that rocked by earthquakes and covered it with a dark water dome. There, Apollo and Artemis were born. Their birth was attended by Dione, Rhea, Ichnaea, Themis and Amphitrite, who formed her sequence, as Poseidon defined it, and all were of the generation of the Titans and Atlanteans. Iris, she was also Atlantida, brought, by flying, Eileithyia to help Leto at birth ...

Poseidon was worshiped especially in Delos for the above reasons, but also as a protector of foreigners. (Was it the Atlantean colonists?). On "Delos" were also worshiped, Hermes and his mother, Maia, daughter of the Atlas.

One tradition says that the giant Orion (he was also a hero of Atlantis), fell in love with the Titaness Eos, grabbed her and brought her to Delos, where he sexually harassed her (Apolodoros Library, book I, 27, p. 21).

In Delos, there were also remains of a settlement of the Neolithic period (in the mountain "Cynthus", which still maintains its pre-Greek name), as well as objects from the Minoan and Mycenaean periods. In the middle of the square there was a temple of Doric style, inscribed, in his architrave, "to Hermes and to Maia". There was also a memorial of the Nymphs (Nereids). To the right of the circular sacred lake was the hall of the "Koinon of Poseidoniasts" and the Stoa of Poseidon with the inscription "To the Posidio". There, hearby, there were many houses of wealth known as: "The House of Hermes", "the House of the Tritons and the Comedians", "the House of Trident", "the House of the dolphins", etc. In these houses are saved until today, on mosaic floors, colorful representations, tridents, dolphins, Tritons etc ...
It was said, also, that Delos was conquered by people of unknown nationality, who arrived there rather from the west (see "Δήλος", in the encyclopedia Haris Patsis, volume 10, p. 640). But the above indications, we add, remind the heroes and emblems of the lost Atlantis ...


RHODES

In the Greek island of Rhodes, among the oldest deities worshiped were Electra, the daughter of the Ocean and Tethys, who is often was regarded as same with the homonymous daughter of Atlas and Pleione, Pleiada Electra. But Pleiada Electra was a later heroine of the same generation. The worship of Electra (the daughter of the Ocean) might have been carried by the Telchines, who were sons of Cafeira (or Cafira), daughter of the Ocean. They came from the west, settled first in Crete and then in Rhodes. They were great artisan metallurgists. The Telchines collaborated with the Cyclops and constructed the Poseidon's tridend, which became an Atlantean emblem.

One version says that Telchines and their mother Cafeira nurtured Poseidon. Another tradition says that Poseidon brought the Telchines, with their sister Alia and Amphitrite, from Crete to Rhodes. Poseidon raped Alia, who gave birth to the nymph "Rhodos" or "Rhode", from which the island was named (it also had the names Ofiousa, Telchinis, Asteria, Pelagia etc).

Another tradition says that the numph Rhode (or Rhodos) was the daughter of Amphitrite. There was also a temple of Amphitrite (found on the hill of Saint Stefanos). Rhode escaped from the flood because he left with the Telchines who predicted him. Later, Rhode returned to the island and married the new chieftain, the sun god Helios, who also came from the west with the Heliadae. "These were sun-lovers," Hesiod says, "just like the previous colonizers of Rhodes".

The Ignites (or Gnites) Rhodians - that is, the original prehistoric Rhodian natives - attributed their origins to the Telchines. According to Greek mythology, the "Gnites" were six brothers sons of the god Poseidon and the sister of Telchini, Alia or Cafeira or Lefkothea and lived on the eastern side of the island.

Triopas (or Triops), the subsequent colonizer of Rhodes, was also a son of Poseidon and Canake, daughter of Aeolus, who was a descendant of the same, with the above, generation of Atlanteans.


SYMI (or SIMI)

The Greek island of Symi of the Dodecanese had been linked, according to traditions, with the "gods" and the leaders of the West from the years of Saturn (Cronus). Some wandering researchers, from the fortunate isles of Cronus, arrived on this island having with them the nymph Symi, who stayed there and gave her name on the island. Poseidon, who passed a little later, made her own and thus was born Chthonius. Later, Prometheus, brother of Atlas, arrived and taught many arts and longevity. It is said that there he made a man of clay ...

From "Cronus State", Glaucus, the son of Hermes, also arrived at SYMI and taught shipbuilding. It is said that he also designed "Argo", the ship that the Argonauts boarded for their expedition to Colchis. Glaucus married Symi, daughter of Ialysos, granddaughter of old Symi. There once was a sanctuary of Poseidon on the island.
"Symi had relations with Delos and regular communication from old," Pliny writes.


KOS

At the island of Kos, the hometown of Hippocrates, they had once gone, chased by the gods of Mount Olympus, those who escaped from the Giants and Titans, with offspring of their generation. They seem to have called the island, Meropi, as it was in the very old days, which was the name of a Daughter of Atlas. While the city was called Meropis. Later they named it Nymphaea (from the Nymphs of the same generation), then Karfis, Kouris and finally Koa - Kos. After the Giants, the Pelasgians, Leleges, Carians etc. settled in Kos.
Kos, was also colonized by Neandros, the son of Makareas (see "History of the Islands" G. Kukas, p.88 and "Kamiros", issue 23, p. 9).

The Dorians invaded it, in the 11th century BC, establishing a Dorian colony with a medium contingent of settlers from Epidaurus, whose Asclepius cult made their new home famous for its sanatoria.


SAMOTHRAKI (or SAMOTHRACE)

The winged Nike of Samothraki, by
Marie-Lan Nguyen, 2007, Loubre Mus.

Samothraki hosted glorious personalities from time to time. When the Argonauts arrived on this island, it was called "the island of Atlantidha Electra" (Apollonios Rhodios, p.45). Electra was one of the daughters of the Atlas and Pleione. The Atlanteans colonists installed her there, apparently, as their observer. According to tradition, Electra together with Zeus gave birth to Dardanus, who later conquered the Dardanelles, etc., to Iasionas, to ​​Harmony and Imathion, who became King of Samothrace. This was followed, according to tradition, by soldiers like giants.

In Samothraki, the Cabeiroi were later settled, followed by their relatives Pelasgians. Its inhabitants honored and worshiped, from ancient times, the Great Goddess (Gaia or one of Titanides). On the island are still preserved considerable remains of Cyclopean walls as well as of the "Sanctuary of the Great Gods", where mysterious rites (Samothracian or Kabeirian Mysteries) took place which were open to both slaves and free people. At the entrance to the sanctuary, which has been thoroughly excavated, there were once also, two phallic statues similar to Hermes (phallic Hermae)(see "Mythology of Greeks" by Karl Kerenyl, p. 99).

The famous marble statue of Nike, now known as the "Winged Victory of Samothrace" (located in the Louvre Museum in Paris), with the wings and the Caduceus of Hermes or Iris, also of the Atlantean generation, symbolized the bond between the ancestors and their offsprings. Nike, according to Hesiod, was the daughter of Titan Palanda ...


SKYROS

In Skyros, the traditions for the Nereids and the Nymphs are still preserved. Close to the port of Achilleion there is a picturesque harbor, which the locals call it "Nyfi". They once called it bay of "Nireus and the Nymph" (Nymph - Nyfi). There, Nereus once installed his daughters, the Nereids. Among them, says the tradition, the Greek hero Achilles was hiding, dressed as a nymph, but Odysseus discovered him from his hairy hands and took him to the campaign against Troy. Another tradition says that Theseus, the king of Athens, died in Skyros when he was thrown from a cliff by the local king Lykomedes.

On the back of the "Nyfi" is the Eirena bay (formerly the bay of Sirens-Sirena.) On top of it, on the mountain that enters the sea, there was a temple of Poseidon. Its ruins and remnants of cyclopean walls were found.
Relics have been found in various areas of the island that testify that Skyros was inhabited since the Neolithic period (5500-2800 BC). It flourished during the Early Bronze Age (2800 - 1900 BC) and reached the apogee of its development during the Mycenaean period (1650-1100 BC). The first name of the island in the prehistoric era was "Pelasgia", which came from its first inhabitants, the Pelasgians. They built also the first fortification walls. Later, the tribe of Dolopes settled on the island, and so it was called "Dolopia".


LEMNOS

In Lemnos, as Thucydides testifies, remains of Pre-Hellenic and Pre-Hellenic inscriptions were found at that time. A legend says that the Amazons once occupied it, who had Myrina as a queen. She allied with the Atlases against the Gorgons ... Another tradition says that Hephaestus once lived in Lemnos. The "Volcanoes" that were celebrated by the Lemnos were an old and strange celebration. Six days ago, all the fires were extinguished on the island and fired by a ship from Delos. (see "Greek Mythology", p.347, Jan Rispen).


LESVOS

LESVOS, before it was called Ethiopi, Makaria, Pelasgia. There, the "Elmnios" Neptune was worshiped. At the edge of Kalloni bay there was an ancient city called Pyrra. It was built by the Pelasgians, or the Aeolians, in memory of Pyrras, the wife of Deucalion, who was the nephew of the Atlas and the father of the Greek. In Pyrra, the poet Alkaios lived exiled later ...

In the Milos, Poseidon was worshiped from ancient times. Its inhabitants had built a marble statue of 2.17 meters high to honor him. (Located in East Berlin Mo235). He is magnificent as a powerful leader ...


NAXOS

In Naxo, there was a tradition that Titan Kedalion, the famous metallurgist, was Naxios. Kydallonas had relations with the Giants and the Cyclops, and he taught his art to Hephaestus. Kydallon was Orion's driver when he was blinded ...


NISYROS

In NISYROS, according to a legend, was formed by a huge loop that Neptune hurled against the Giant Polyvotos. Poseidon was trying to sharpen him with his trident. Because he did not get him he took a huge loop from Kos. He threw it over him, and became an island! (perhaps, it is an ancient memory of the formation of the Aegean).


MYKONOS

In MYKONO, he was saying a tradition, the giants killed by Heracles had been buried. Poseidon was also worshiped in Mykonos (see book "MYKONOS-DILOS" by Petros Themelis, antiquities editor).


CHIOS

The first settler of the island was considered to be "Chios", the son of Poseidon or the Ocean. There is, from ancient times, a cape named "Poseidio". Later the Pelasgians settled on the island...


ASTYPALAIA

The Greek mythological figure "Astypalaea", the sister of "Europe", was one of Poseidon's mistresses, who gave her the homonymous island. Astypalaea with Poseidon gave birth to Argonaut "Ancaeus", the founder and king of Samos and "Eurypylos", who became the king of Kos.


SAMOS

At the island of Samos there was also a sanctuary of Poseidon and a cape called "Poseidio" to date, as well as a village  named "Poseidonion". Its inhabitants were the Pelasgians, Leleges, Carians, etc. The colonizator and builder of the island is considered to be Ancaeus, who had taken part in the Argonautic expedition and reigned on the race of the Leleges (who were settled in Samos). Ancaeus was born from Astypalaea and Poseidon near the waters of Imvrasos river. With his wife "Samia", the daughter of the river's god "Meander", he acquired five children. One of the sons of Ancaeus and Samia was called "Samos" from whom the island took its name.

The prehistoric presence of the island, according to current archaeological data, begins with the foundation of its first prehistoric settlement on the rocky hill of "Kastro" at Tigani - today's Pythagoreion - during the Late Neolithic Era (about 4500 BC). The end of this Neolithic settlement coincided with the dawn of the Bronze Age, and it seems that it surrendered a little later, the baton, to the first bronze settlement of Heraion that was founded near the Imvraso River and 7 km west of the Neolithic settlement. These two settlements unequivocally document, with their extensive excavations, the long and important prehistoric route of Samos.
The settlement of the Early Copper Age in Heraion was first discovered during excavations, almost incidentally, in the deeper strata and under the foundationsL of the giant Temple of Hera, in 1925, from the excavations that were then carried out by the German Archaeological Ιnstitute of Athens whose main aim was to bring to light the building remains of the monumental Temple of Hera (recorded by Herodotus: Histories, book 3, 60). Herodotus reports that in Heraion of Samos there was the largest temple in Greece. It was dipteral of Ionic architecture, with 155 giant pillars (only one of them survives today) and was built during the reign of Polycrates (535-522 BC). Under the altars of the Archaic period were found altars dating back to about 1700 BC, which define the beginning of a prehistoric goddess of nature and fertility in the area of ​​the settlement, which they later identified with Hera. With the subsequent introduction of the worship of the Samian goddess Hera by the Ionians, the tradition changed and it was said that Hera was born on the banks of the river Imvrasos under a Lygos tree (see the traveler of the Roman Period, Pausania).

The German excavations from 1911, which have continued to date, brought to light impressive buildings and votive offerings, revealing the history of the holy site of Hera, from the Early Iron Age to the Roman Period (1050 BC - 400 AD.). The sanctuary of Hera flourished particularly in the 6th century BC, during the administration of tyrant Polycrates. From the deepest sections that have been excavated in various places, under the foundations of the holy site of Hera but also north of it, were found prehistoric architectural installations (dwellings, ceramics, metallurgy and weaving workshops, altars, monuments), fortification walls (about 2200 BC), and six prehistoric structural phases of habitation were discovered from the Early Helladic period in the third millennium BC to the last Late Helladic period (around 1100 BC).


KARPATHOS

In the island of Karpathos, in the antiquity, there was the city of "Posidius". Remains are still preserved.


TENEDOS

The first settler and king of the island was considered to be the "Tenes", grandson of Poseidon.


SERIFOS

In Serifos a cave was called "The Cave of the Cyclops". A bit higher, in the SW corner of island, lies the  "Throne or Couch of Cyclops". The so-called throne, also called "Psaros Pyrgos" by the locals is a medium rectangular structure consisting of long, chipped shales, of a total length of 8.4 meters and a width of 4.2 meters. It really does look like a giant couch or armachair from the shape of the chipped boulders and it is worthy of wonder how these huge carved boulders have been raised up there. The "Cyclops Couch" is located in a position with a panoramic view on the southwest side of the island and stands like a guardian of the "Megalo Livadi" cove on the so-called "Cyclops Peninsula"

Psaropyrgos xartisA legend says that Perseus, along with his mother, was found on the beach in a wooden box. The King of Argos Acrisius had been shut up in the box, his daughter Danae and her infant son Perseus, and had thrown it into the sea to eliminate them because he had taken an oracle that his grandson would kill him.

When he grew, he protected the island from the Gorgons. He also campaigned against them and captured and beheaded their queen, Medusa - Gorgon. When Perseus returned with the head of the monster Gorgon in his sack, he found his mother Danae at the altar of the temple. He had resorted to the altar to avoid King Polydektes, who wanted to marry her by force and he threatened her. Perseus was angry, and as he was horrified, he took out the terrible head of Gorgon, showed it to Polydektes and his people and stoned them! Since then, Serifos is all over stony. There was found also a 6th-century Serifos coin of the old chronology, with the representation of Perseus and Gorgon. Iron and copper mines existed on the island since antiquity, and metallurgical activities date back to the Early Cycladic period (3rd millennium BC).


RINEIA(or RHENEA)

In Rineia there are traces of habitation from the 5th millennium BC. It is located almost to the west of the much smaller, Delos. Rhenea became known in the historical era when, in 530 BC, it was conquered by the tyrant of Samos "Polycrates", who "dedicated it to Apollo of Delos by chaining it to the famous Delos" (Thucydides).

Rineia was formerly called Ortygia. It is said that Ortygia, sister of Leto, had inhabited this island and gave it her name. Ortygia, also called an island of Esperides (in the Atlantic Ocean), where Orion hunted and Artemis shot him. Another tradition says that Ortygia was formed by the fall, in the sea, of ​​Asteria, daughter of the Titan Coeus, who resided in the homonymous island, today Delos (formerly named Asteria). Was it spread in the Aegean by the Atlantes, the memory of a star or meteorolith that fell in Atlantis? Because it is said to have contributed to its collapse, not only volcanoes, earthquakes and torrential rains, but also the fall on its territory of an asteroid.


ANDROS

In Andros, in the ancient times, a mountain, a settlement and a valley, were called Arne. The name is inherent in a sea goddess. Arne was also called the Kourotrophos of Poseidon.


TINOS

In Tinos, the oldest worship belonged to Poseidon and Amphitrite. In the place "Kionia" was found their sanctuaries and a statue of the two "gods" height of about 8 m. A work of the Athenian sculptor "Telesias". Indeed, these two temples during the historical times developed into a medium religious center where the pilgrims of the sacred Delos stopped here first for cleansing.

Also found, a marble sculpture dolphin, a relief of the god Cybele etc. In the village of "Steni" there was also "Antro of Aeolous".


KEA

In Kea there are Cyclopean walls and related traditions...


SYROS

In Syros there was a town, Poseidonia, where Neptune(Poseidon) and Amphitrite were worshiped. Its ruins have been found near a beautiful coast, which today, also, is called Poseidonia...


KALYMNOS

In Kalymnos, the Cave of "Seven Virgins" was discovered, reminiscent of the seven Pleiades, daughters of the Atlas, who organized the first night celebrations with the "dances of the seven virgins" as they called them. In the Cave there were various votive offerings and vessels of prehistoric times. In Telendos, submerged ruins were discovered, and in "Emborios" Cyclopean walls of the Pelasgian era or earlier. Originally the name of the island was "Kalydna", while from the 4th c. B.C. and then renamed "Kalymna". During the Byzantine era the name "Kalymna" changed to Kalymnos.

As the archaeological findings reveal, Kalymnos is already inhabited since the Neolithic era. Ancient sources (Strabo, Diodorus Siculus) as well as various finds, testify that the most ancient inhabitants of the island were Carians. The Phoenicians succeeded them, and later it was inhabited by the Aeolians from Thessaly, to be succeeded by the Dorians colonists from Southern Greece (1150-800 BC). The leader of the Dorians was named "Thessalus", the son of Heracles and Chalciope. 

General conclusions

The traditions for the relations of almost all the Aegean islands, with the related tribes of the Titans, Atlanteans and Giants, the Sons of Poseidon and the Pelasgians etc, are not exhausted here. Do not forget that the names Kalymnos, Thassos, Imvros, Karpathos, Crete, Kos, Lesbos, Naxos, Samos, Skyros, Tenedos, Chios etc are pre-Hellenic names (see "HISTORY OF GREEK LANGUAGE", NP. Andriotis Professor of Philosophical School , pp. 9-10).

Pelasgus, the Pelasgian leader, was also held by the same generation of Atlantes and Poseidon. His wife was the Oceanide "Melivoea". Poseidon was considered to be a permanent resident of Atlantis, but had the surname Pelagios, Pelagaios and Aigaios. Because he was also dominated the open sea of ​​the Aegean. In the Aegean, he stayed for a long time, on a strange island, with his wife Amphitrite and her sisters Nereids (see "Iliad" of Homer, Θ. 203 and Strabo K. 405). In the Aegean, for a while, the wise old-Nireus, of the Atlantean generation, also lived, who led Heracles to the Atlas to get the "golden apples" of Hesperides (see "Argonautica" Apollonius of Rhodes) ...

Of course, many of these traditions refer to mythologies.
But it is known that myths have a historical core. Sallustius, in his work, "About Gods and the World" (c), writes:
"Το δε διά μύθων τ' αληθές επικρύπτειν, τους μεν καταφρονείν ουκ εά, τους δε φιλοσοφείν αναγκάζει" (The fact that myths conceal the truth, it does not allow others to despise them, while others trouble them, forcing them to philosophize).

Plutarch also writes: "I wish the mythical was cleared up and it would come out of it with logic a historical reality."

 

Copyright © Theodoros Paschos, Greece, 2000